So I just did 10 quick starts (amazing how quickly you can blitz that first mission if you go all kamikaze grenadier style

) to test the viability of this. In my 10 starts, here are the dates I received my first Abduction mission on:
March 6
March 3
March 7
March 2
March 4
March 7
March 5
March 3
March 3
March 8
Only one miss out of 10, pretty good. So I can say with some confidence you nearly always get an Abduction within the first 7 days. Additionally, it seems you ALWAYS get the same 3 reward options (4 Engineers, 4 Researchers, $200) for the first Abduction, so no problem there.
Also, I tried all the different options for starting continents, and how much you are left with after Excavate+Workshop (which normally costs 10 + 130, except for Europe which costs 10 + 65 due to half-price Workshop). The results:
Africa: 347 (-140 = 207, 24 short)
North America: 375 (-140 = 235, 4 over)
Europe: 265 (-75 = 190, 41 short)
Asia: 265 (-140 = 125, 106 short!)
South America: 245 (-140 = 105, 126 short!)
So.. this start is probably not possible using Asia or South America, you cannot earn $100+ from the first two missions.
With North America, you should already have enough left over to build the Satellites even without selling anything. With either Africa or Europe you should be close enough to $231 to make it from the mission salvage.